The importance of using technology of critical thinking in the lessons of natural science as a means of forming the natural competence of junior pupils in accordance with the State standard of primary education has been proved in the article. Modern society needs deeply thinking creative professionals. The school has to prepare pupils for life, which is possible through the formation of pupils' critical thinking skills, teamwork, problem solving, self-searching and making the right decisions. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of critical thinking technology; coverage of methods and techniques that contribute to the formation of critical thinking of junior pupils at the lessons of natural science. Critical thinking is a special type of human thinking aimed at solving a particular cognitive or life-affairs problem through its comprehensive consideration on the basis of various sources of information, identifying ways to solve this problem, evaluating them and justifying the choice of one of them with constant reflection and correction of own thinking activity. The author has proposed to use methods and techniques of critical thinking technologies at the lessons of natural science: "Press", "Senckan", "Intellectual Map", "Tree of Solutions", "Mosaic", "Basket of Ideas", "Insert", "Let’s Take a Position", "Fish Skeleton". Systemic formation of students' creative and cognitive abilities with the use of technology for the development of critical thinking leads to the fact that all pupils learn to study independently, think critically, use the acquired knowledge in everyday life.