The article is devoted to the work on the vocabulary words on the lessons of the Ukrainian language in primary school. A review of the sources allowed to assert that the scientific and methodological literature, one can observe the understanding of dictionary work in narrow and wide values. In the narrow sense of the vocabulary work associated with spelling performance (work on spelling words with traditional spelling). In a broad sense the word with think any job with the word with the purpose of its adequate use in the four kinds of speech activity. Determined that the source of replenishment of the vocabulary of students is the environment in which there are children: it is parents, other adults, friends, language literary works, movies and cartoons, radio and television, working with dictionaries and so on. The features work on the words using modern methodological approaches in the classroom in elementary school, namely the method of demonstration and the use of context, the easiest word -formation analysis, interpretation of words, the method of Association (graphic, sound, and semantic), Daily 5 (work with words). The author focuses on methods of improving the quality of memorizing the spelling of vocabulary words and examples of exercises.