The unprecedented scale of the Ukrainian military migration in 2022 actualises the issues of creating effective social and psychological assistance programmes and facilitating the integration of forced migrants into the communities that accept them. This is impossible without knowing the specific features of modern Ukrainian migration and its features. Therefore, the author represents the organisation of a multi-stage programme of sociopsychological survey of Ukrainian refugees. The paper presents the results of the implementation of the first stage of this programme. Its purpose was to describe the procedure for a social and psychological online survey and present a portrait of a Ukrainian refugee in the first months of Russian aggression. The features of socio-psychological online survey as a research method of data collection, and the advantages and limitations of its use are considered. The paper describes the methodology and organisation of an Internet survey on Facebook. The process of developing and content of an online questionnaire for interviewing Ukrainian refugees on the Facebook social network is presented. According to the results of the analysis of responses of 2,049 respondents (women – 95.8%), the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample, the geographical distribution of Ukrainians by host countries, their gender and social status, and the age and professional structure of respondents were determined. It is established that in the first months of the war, typical Ukrainian refugees were women of working age with higher education who went abroad with minor children. Most of the respondents went abroad from Kyiv and the eastern regions of Ukraine to Germany, Poland, and France. A problematic analysis of the peculiarities of Ukrainian migration in comparison with other military migration movements of recent years (its feminisation, a significant proportion of children and able-bodied people with high career potential) is provided. Possible sociopsychological consequences for Ukraine and host countries and related needs for creating social and psychological support programmes are also analysed. The results obtained would be useful for organisations and specialists that provide assistance to Ukrainian refugees, and state institutions that develop short and long-term policy programmes for Ukrainian refugees.